Mekanisme Pengelolaan Bakat dalam Memperkuat Posisi Kompetitif Perusahaan
Keywords:
talent management, competitive advantage, human capital, resource based view, strategic HRM, succession planning, retentionAbstract
This conceptual paper examines the function of talent management as a mechanism for organizational competitive advantage. The resource based view of the firm provides the theoretical foundation for understanding how human capital with rare and inimitable characteristics generates superior performance. Five operational mechanisms link talent management to competitive advantage: scarcity creation of high value human resources, enhanced absorptive capacity for environmental change, reduced internal transaction costs, strengthened asset specificity preventing competitor poaching, and synchronization with strategic planning processes. Identification accuracy of high potential employees determines the starting quality of the entire talent system. Systematic development programs combining experiential learning, executive mentoring, and formal education transform potential into actual contribution. Strategic placement ensures talented individuals occupy critical roles where their competencies generate maximum organizational value. Retention efforts must address financial and non financial needs to prevent voluntary turnover. A high achievement culture and employer reputation emerge organically from consistent talent management practices, creating positive feedback loops that reinforce competitive positioning. Top management commitment differentiates organizations with mature talent systems from those with superficial programs. The paper concludes with theoretical implications for integrating resource based view and dynamic capabilities perspectives, alongside practical recommendations for mapping critical positions, conducting internal talent inventories, designing rotational assignments, and evaluating turnover patterns.
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