Perempuan dan Kemandirian Ekonomi Melalui Kegiatan Wirausaha
Keywords:
women entrepreneurship, economic independence, gender empowerment, small business, social support, structural barriers, double burdenAbstract
This library research examines how entrepreneurship contributes to women's independence and identifies factors supporting or hindering the achievement of independence. Synthesis of literature from gender studies, entrepreneurship research, and development economics reveals that entrepreneurship contributes to independence through increased disposable income under women's control, development of self-confidence and self-efficacy, autonomy in work schedule management, changed social identity within communities, and positive intergenerational effects. Supporting factors include access to financial capital, social support from family and community, adequate entrepreneurship training and education, and heterogeneous network capital. Hindering factors include the double burden of domestic and productive responsibilities, restrictive social norms, unsupportive government policies, and lack of representation and role models. Independence does not occur automatically when women start a business but results from interactions between individual agency, environmental support, and broader structural changes.
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